This book focuses on private tutoring in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Through international comparison and national case studies, it examines the ways in which not only private tutoring but also mainstream school systems have changed during the transformation period since the collapse of the socialist era. The book provides the first insight into the scope, nature and implications of private tutoring in Central Asia. It also identifies challenges that confront education stakeholders and policymakers as they decide how to respond to the rapidly spreading and constantly changing phenomenon of private tutoring.