The authors examine the relations between educational and training systems on the one hand, and industrialisation and technical progress on the other, especially in the developing countries. This paper is concerned with the training of industrial manpower at all levels. It identifies the tendencies common to most developing countries - restructuration and realignement of technical education - then compares educational plans and scientific and technical plans in those countries. It finally states changing requirements in connection with qualifications: their measurment and classification.