E-learning and the virtual university are key examples of the use of information and communication technology (ICT) as a teaching and learning approach. They also raise issues associated with organizational structure, and the question of cross-border education. This publication explores the policy, planning and management implications for the new or reorganized institutions that provide e-learning. Three background chapters describe the context: the trends, challenges and impact of cross-border education. Eight case studies from different regions and representing different institutional models tell the story of their development and the lessons learned.